Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology
Volume 8 Issue 4 October-December 2025
Current Issue
Research Article
Rooma RAMASAMY, Dr. Vinaye ARMOOGUM & Dr. Perienen APPAVOO
Abstract: This qualitative study explores the lived experiences of professionals working within virtual teams in Mauritius. Using narrative identity theory, the study analyses narratives to understand how individuals construct meaning around remote collaboration and identity in the remote workplace. Key themes that emerged include maintaining work-life balance, sustaining high-performance routines, redefining professional identity, and navigating ethical complexities unique to virtual teams. Challenges of digital ethics, which include privacy concerns, blurred boundaries, and digital interactions, emerged as a central theme to participants’ experiences. The study provides insights for organisations seeking to build resilient, inclusive, and ethically grounded virtual teams that can sustain long-term engagement and effectiveness. It is recommended to develop structured support mechanisms, including training in digital etiquette, privacy, ethical guidelines, and emotional well-being practices.
Research Article
Abaku, A.D., Zanywaine, Z., Obazu, F.O. & Effiong, E.C.
Abstract: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have taken centre stage in public discussion all over the world. The prevalence of these diseases among young adults in Uganda has constantly become a cause for concern. The trend in non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension, has contributed to increasing deaths in Africa. Poor medical records and low routine data collection for non-communicable diseases have plagued Uganda. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Makindye division, Kampala, Uganda while collecting qualitative and quantitative data; a total of 322 adults were recruited during the study using a structured, open-ended and Likert questionnaire that was administered to the study population, which was determined. The reliability of the data collection was assessed using Cronbach's. The result obtained showed that the majority of the respondents were male, with a percentage of 58.4%. About 23% of the population showed they were hypertensive. Factors such as their living conditions were not identified to be significant in the prevalence of hypertension in Uganda. Adults with higher incomes of over 200-500 ksh, while persons working beyond 41 hours were identified as a high-risk population. The study further identified the role of income per month, duration at work per week and emotional fluxes as significant factors that may contribute to the prevalence of hypertension. Government agencies must intensify efforts in sensitising and educating young adults on the role of their lifestyle and daily living in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Uganda.
Research Article
Adeyemi, Oyeyemi & Emerure, Suzan Uyoyouoghene
Abstract: This study evaluated the oxidative stress response and histopathological alterations in liver and kidney tissues of rats exposed to dichlorvos, dimethoate, cypermethrin, and their combinations over 28 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were assessed as biomarkers of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence, alongside histological examinations. Liver MDA concentrations significantly increased from 3.2 nmol/g in control (Group A) to 7.5 nmol/g in the triple combination group (Group H), indicating severe lipid peroxidation. Similarly, kidney MDA levels rose from 2.9 nmol/g (Group A) to 7.3 nmol/g (Group H), confirming systemic oxidative stress. CAT activity in liver tissues increased progressively, with Group H recording the highest activity at 0.125 ± 0.002 U/mg protein compared to 0.045 ± 0.002 U/mg in the control. In the kidney, CAT activity escalated from 0.032 ± 0.002 U/mg protein in controls to 0.182 ± 0.002 U/mg in Group H. SOD activity followed a similar trend. Liver SOD levels increased from 0.030 ± 0.001 U/mg protein in Group A to 0.167 ± 0.002 U/mg protein in Group H, while kidney SOD rose from 0.38 ± 0.01 U/mg protein in controls to a peak of 4.38 ± 0.04 U/mg in Group H, reflecting pronounced antioxidant activation. Histopathological analyses revealed progressive hepatocellular degeneration, periportal inflammation, and vascular congestion, with Group H exhibiting hepatocellular vacuolation and necrosis. In kidneys, lesions ranged from glomerular atrophy and tubular necrosis in single exposures to extensive tubular damage and glomerular alterations in Group H. These findings underscore a dose-dependent and synergistic toxic interaction of these pesticides, warranting regulatory attention to mixture exposures. The study advocates integrating oxidative biomarkers and histopathological evaluations for comprehensive pesticide risk assessments.
Research Article
Effiong, Enobong, Obazu Franklin, Omajene Aghogho & Nwosu, Mmesoma
Abstract: Access to healthy and wholesome drinking water sources in rural communities in Nigeria and around the world has become increasingly concerning. This study was designed to assess the microbiological qualities of drinking water sources in Umudi. Three samples were collected and transported to the laboratory at Hezekiah University, Umudi, Imo State. Measurements included total coliform count, heterotrophic bacterial count, fungal count, coliform counts, and Salmonella-Shigella count. Biochemical tests, as well as morphological and microscopic analyses, were employed to identify the bacterial and fungal isolates. The total coliform count was 10 and 30 MPN/100mL for B-sachet water and the university borehole, respectively. The total heterotrophic count ranged from 4.3 Log CFU/ml to 6.0 Log CFU/mL, while fungal counts ranged from 3.0 Log CFU/mL to 4.54 Log CFU/ml. The tentative identities of the isolates obtained were E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Shigella sp., with Staphylococcus sp. and E. coli being the most frequently encountered. The fungi observed included Candida sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., and Penicillium sp. There is an urgent need for university management to address this issue of drinking water pollution, as it may contribute to downtime experienced by staff and students; the university must inform sachet water producers of the importance of conducting source-tracking of water aquifer pollution, and government agencies should be encouraged to regulate activities of water packaging companies.
Research Article
Abu Dedo Ilmi, Teka Tesfaye & Teklewold Dabi
Abstract: Agriculture in Ethiopia is dominated by smallholder rain-fed systems, but low and erratic rainfall limits productivity and food security. Consequently, investment in small-scale irrigation has been identified as a key poverty reduction strategy. The Spiral Coil pump is a non-conventional water pump, which could be powered by the flow energy of river water without electricity or fuel. It is very useful, especially in rural areas, for farming and irrigation purposes. The Spiral Coil pump comes under the category of a low-to-moderate lift pump. The experiment was conducted at Seka and Karsa wereda of Jimma Zone on Gibe and Bulbul River, respectively. Increasing the hose diameter leads to better coil pump performance. The pump was proven capable of delivering over 12 L/min of water under pressure heads of up to 12 m. The discharge of the pump at different heads was seen to decrease as the head increases. To improve the sustainability and performance of the pump, it is recommended to add a floating structure, allowing adjustment to water levels, increasing discharge, and extending its lifespan.
Review Article
Uzma Batool, Afsheen Bibi & Moazma Batool
Abstract: The study investigates the Glutamate-Like Receptors (GLRs) gene in Asparagus officinalis and Arabidopsis thaliana through comparative phylogenomics and structural modeling approaches. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed evolutionary conservation and functional divergence among GLR homologs. Structural modeling indicated similar 3D conformations and ligand-binding domains, suggesting a conserved mechanism of signal perception. Differences in specific amino acid residues hinted at species-specific adaptations in receptor function. Expression profiling supported the gene’s involvement in growth regulation and stress responses. Molecular docking predicted potential interactions with key signaling molecules. These findings enhance understanding of GLR evolution and its physiological significance in plants, offering insights for future crop improvement and stress tolerance research.
Research Article
Ernest Nwanwunweneonye Orhuebor, Ubong Bernard Essien, Udegbe Ndubuisi Matthew, Akanimo Gordon Essiet, Muhammad Isah, Linda I. Ozohili, Eunice Akpobodesere Debekeme, Nifemi Leon Iwalehin & Ifreke Mfon Udofia
Abstract: Petroleum sludge is one of the most persistent byproducts of crude oil refining, posing a significant environmental problem due to its complex composition of hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals. This paper examined the ecological toxicology of petroleum sludge at the Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company (WRPC), Delta State, Nigeria, through empirical, computational, and biological analyses, coupled with the Systems Theory of Environmental Toxicology. The primary objective was to describe the sludge composition, assess the human and ecological risks, and develop artificial intelligence (AI)-driven predictive models to enhance environmental management. Unlike previous refinery toxicology studies that focus solely on chemical characterization or risk estimation, this study uniquely integrates field data, quantitative risk assessment, and multi-model AI prediction to address the lack of predictive environmental intelligence in refinery-impacted ecosystems. Sludge pits, storage tanks, and effluent ponds yielded a total of 30 samples of sludge, which were collected and analysed by GC-MS and ICP-MS to determine PAHs and heavy metals, respectively. Quantitative risk assessment was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the USEPA, focusing on the aspects of the hazard index, carcinogenic risk, and ecological risk (PERI). In contrast, AI models such as the Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were employed in the study of predictive risk mapping. The analysis showed very high contaminant concentrations (TPH: 215,400mg kg-1; Cr: 78mg kg-1; Pb: 42mg kg-1; Benzo[a]pyrene: 42.8mg kg-1), as well as a considerable level of health hazards (HI: 3.2 -4.5; CR: 1.7×10-3 -2.7×10-3). The ANN model proved to be more accurate in its predictive capacity (R² = 0.96), with TPH, Cr, Pb, and benzo[a]pyrene emerging as the primary risk drivers. The paper finds that the Warri Refinery ecosystem is a highly hazardous area that requires timely remediation. It suggests monitoring with AI, as well as sludge stabilisation and bioaugmentation with indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, to alleviate toxicity and support Sustainable Development Goals 3, 9, 11, and 13.
Review Article
Uzma Batool, Afsheen Bibi & Moazma Batool
Abstract: This study explores the molecular architecture of Viola odorata through comprehensive bioinformatics analyses. Protein sequences were examined to predict structural and functional characteristics, while 3D modeling revealed insights into their stability and activity. Phylogenetic and interaction analyses provided evolutionary perspectives and identified key molecular partners involved in essential biological pathways. The integrated approach highlights the potential therapeutic and biochemical significance of V. odorata proteins, paving the way for future molecular and pharmacological investigations.
Commentary
Commentary on “Islam and the Four Principles of Medical Ethics” by Yassar Mustafa
Nadira Nasim, Tahseen Raana & Nighat Nishat
Abstract: This essay assesses Yassar Mustafa's paper, Islam and the Four Principles of Medical Ethics, which looks at how Beauchamp and Childress's four-principles approach (beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and autonomy) fits with Islamic medical ethics. Mustafa integrates Islamic jurisprudence (usūl al-fiqh), higher objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī'a), and legal maxims (qawā'id fiqhiyya) to argue that beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice align with Islamic teachings. However, autonomy is more nuanced due to Islam's emphasis on communal welfare. This commentary broadens the topic by examining fundamental themes in Islamic bioethics, such as patient-physician interactions, gender concerns, informed consent, and end-of-life care. The article's strengths include a complete theoretical foundation, allusions to the Qur'an and Hadith, and an emphasis on cultural sensitivity in healthcare. However, limitations include a lack of varied Islamic viewpoints, little consideration of growing medical concerns, and insufficient emphasis on gender and reproductive ethics. This commentary suggests broadening discussions on ethical quandaries such as euthanasia, genetic engineering, and organ donation, as well as including case studies of Muslim patients navigating medical ethics in secular healthcare systems. Mustafa's work is a significant contribution to Islamic bioethics, offering vital insights for clinicians and researchers seeking culturally sensitive medical practices.
Research Article
Mirza Golam Rasul, Mst. Sahela Rahman & Md. Rabiul Islam
Abstract: The growing variety of hardware, protocols, and vendor-specific configurations poses significant challenges to maintaining network infrastructure in multi-vendor environments. Conventional manual methods of network management are no longer adequate because of their restricted scalability, slow deployment times, and high mistake rates. The intelligent automation methodology presented in this research aims to standardize and accelerate network administration in diverse vendor ecosystems. Critical operations like VLAN provisioning, firmware upgrades, configuration backup, real-time monitoring, and self-healing are automated by the framework through the integration of open-source tools like Ansible, Netmiko, Nornir, Prometheus, and Grafana, as well as AI-driven fault detection. The system was evaluated using a realistic multi-vendor prototype that included devices from Juniper, Cisco, and MikroTik. According to experimental data, our proposed network minimizes human error through intelligent automation, greatly increases recovery rates (94–95%) from network outages, and cuts execution time by more than 90%. Scalability is supported by the system's tiered architecture, and fault tolerance is improved by including predictive maintenance. Additionally, by moving away from manual configuration and towards NetDevOps methods, which promote automation, scripting and proactive monitoring, the framework transforms the role of network experts.
Research Article
Larval habitats of Mosquitoes in Ein-Me and Wakema Townships, Ayeyarwady Region in Myanmar
Maung Maung Mya, Sein Thaung & Than Tun
Abstract: Larval breeding sides or larval habitats of mosquito survey was conducted in ThaPhan Pinseit, ThaPyu Pinseit, PaukGone and SarPhyusu villages in Ein-Me and Pake-Tar-Gyi, Moe-Kaung, Au-Kyun and Yay-Lein villages in Wakema Townships in Ayeyarwady Region. A total of 4102(47.97%) larvae from Wakema and 4450(52.03%) larvae from Ein-me Townships consist of 11 species of mosquito larvae were collected. Three species of Culex as Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. vishnui, and Cx. quinquefqsciatus, one species each of Mansonia and Armigerese and four species of Anopheles as An. hyrcanus, An. barbirostris, An. vagus and An. tesselatus, and two species of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae were collected from 15 kinds of larval habitats as ponds, rice fields, slowly running water, streams, creeks, foot prints, metal drums, concrete drum, concrete jars, Bago jars, spirit bowls, toilets water, hyacinth vegetation and polluted water pools. Of these habitats the highest density of larvae was collected from rice fields water (23.45% and 26.11%) followed by polluted water pools (19.79 and 21.16%) and lowest density was observed from foot prints (1.73% and 0.1%) in both Wakhinma and Ein-me Townships. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. vishnui and Anopheles larvae were collected from all water sources except water storage containers as metal drums, concrete drum, concrete jars, Bago jars, spirit bowls were only Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae positive. In both Townships, will be suffer high risk of vector borne diseases transmission due to high density of JE, Filariasis, and Dengue vectors are availed in these areas. There is a need to control mosquito density and also need to prevent man vector contact in both Townships.
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