Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology
Volume 9 Issue 1 January-March 2026
Current Issue
Research Article
Dameria Sinaga & Melda Rumia Rosmery Simorangkir
Abstract: Studies on the role of Guru Penggerak in optimizing the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in primary education are essential to obtain empirical insights into the program’s contribution to improving learning quality. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of Guru Penggerak in supporting the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes student-centered learning, curriculum flexibility, and the strengthening of character education and 21st-century competencies. This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenological approach grounded in the social definition paradigm. The study was conducted at SDN Cakung Timur 09 Pagi, Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that Guru Penggerak possess a comprehensive understanding of the concepts and objectives of the Merdeka Curriculum, as reflected in the implementation of project-based learning, differentiated instruction, and the integration of technology in the teaching and learning process. Furthermore, Guru Penggerak actively contribute to creating a conducive learning environment, fostering students’ creativity, and strengthening collaboration and a positive learning culture within the school. These findings affirm that Guru Penggerak play a strategic role as agents of change in optimizing the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in primary education.
Research Article
Mubarak Olayiwola Ahmed, Aniji Ifesinachi Veronica & Chizoba Chioma Esther
Abstract: This research titled addresses the inefficiencies and lack of transparency associated with the manual auctioning process of surplus government assets. The system was developed as a web-based platform using HTML, CSS, PHP, and MySQL, aiming to streamline the auctioning process, enhance public participation, and promote accountability. Key features of the system include user registration, real-time bidding, secure payment processing, and an administrative dashboard for auction management. Through an extensive review of online auction systems and their application in government agencies, the project emphasizes the importance of transparency, accountability, and security in auction platforms. System testing demonstrated the platform's effectiveness in meeting its objectives, providing a user-friendly and efficient alternative to traditional methods. This solution significantly improves the auctioning process, fostering public trust and ensuring better asset disposal management. The project also provides recommendations for continuous monitoring, user training, and the integration of advanced features to enhance the system's functionality and adaptability in the future.
Research Article
Nayyar Ahmed Khan, Asif Rashid Khan, Sivaram Rajeyyagari, Mobin Akhtar, Ahmed Masih Uddin Siddiqi & Mohammad Ahmad
Abstract: This article presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a Student Absence Management System (SAMS) tailored for university environments. The system integrates web frontends, Google Apps Script backends, Google Sheets storage, and Google Drive for evidence handling, delivering end-to-end workflows for leave application, multi-level approvals, notification, and record keeping. Our key novelty lies in architecting a serverless, low-ops absence workflow atop managed Google services, demonstrating role-based access control (RBAC) patterns with deterministic state transitions, and establishing resilience through separation of critical operations from non-critical side effects. We discuss the motivating context, survey related work, describe the architecture and algorithms, report observed outcomes, and outline future directions. Pilot deployment results show a 75% reduction in processing time (from 2--3 days to <8 hours), a 95% reduction in evidence availability issues, and maintained auditability through timestamped, deterministic approval logs with <2\% user-facing failures.
Research Article
Nayyar Ahmed Khan, Asif Rashid Khan, Sivaram Rajeyyagari, Mobin Akhtar, Ahmed Masih Uddin Siddiqi & Mohammad Ahmad
Abstract: Academic course registration processes in higher education institutions often involve complex approval workflows, manual paperwork, and communication delays that can significantly impact student satisfaction and administrative efficiency. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a cloud-based Course Add/Drop Management System (CADMS) developed for the universities in higher education. The proposed system implements a three-tier approval workflow involving Academic Advisors, Heads of Department, and Registrars, automating the entire process from student request submission to final approval and PDF certificate generation. Built using modern web technologies and Google Apps Script as the backend infrastructure, the system provides real-time status tracking, automated email notifications, and comprehensive dashboard interfaces for all stakeholders. The system was evaluated over a semester with 250+ student requests, demonstrating significant improvements in processing time (reduced from 7-10 days to 24-48 hours), paper consumption (100% elimination), and user satisfaction (88% satisfaction rate). This research contributes to the body of knowledge in educational technology by presenting a cost-effective, scalable solution that can be adapted by institutions with limited IT infrastructure. The paper details the system architecture, implementation methodology, evaluation metrics, and lessons learned during deployment.
Research Article
Ojobo Solomon Ocheka, Adewale James, Apollos Waraba Dibalya & Folake Joseph
Abstract: This paper introduces a novel computational approach for solving higher-order multi-indexed fractional differential equations (FDEs) in the Caputo sense. By leveraging a power series polynomial collocation method, the proposed technique reformulates the FDEs into an equivalent integral form, enabling accurate and stable numerical solutions. The method addresses key challenges in fractional calculus, including the handling of multi-indexed derivatives and ensuring computational efficiency. Numerical experiments demonstrate the approach’s superior accuracy, with error analyses revealing significant improvements over existing methods. The results underscore the method’s applicability to real-world problems in physics, engineering, and biology, where fractional derivatives model memory-dependent phenomena. This work advances the toolkit for computationally solving complex FDEs while maintaining robustness and convergence.
Research Article
Momoh Shuaibu
Abstract: The persistence of banned organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in agricultural systems remains a major concern for food safety, environmental sustainability, and public health in developing countries. This study assessed the seasonal variation and health risks associated with organochlorine pesticide residues in selected fruits and vegetables sold in Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, North-western Nigeria. A total of 120 fruit and vegetable samples (watermelon, pineapple, cucumber, cabbage, and lettuce) were randomly collected from local markets across four quarters between December 2024 and October 2025, representing both dry and wet seasons. Pesticide residues were extracted using the QuEChERS method and quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results revealed that multiple OCPs, including lindane isomers, DDT and its metabolites, heptachlor, aldrin, and dieldrin, were detected in most samples. Residue concentrations were significantly higher during the dry season compared to the wet season (p < 0.05), indicating a strong seasonal influence on pesticide persistence and accumulation. A health risk assessment based on estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) revealed that children were more vulnerable, with THQ values for DDT and HCH exceeding unity during the wet season. The hazard index values for both children and adults were greater than one in both seasons, indicating potential non-carcinogenic health risks associated with long-term dietary exposure. Although most detected residues were below established maximum residue limits, the combined exposure poses environmental and public health concerns. The findings highlight the continued use or environmental persistence of banned pesticides and emphasise the need for strengthened regulatory enforcement, farmer education, and sustainable pest management practices to reduce contamination of food crops and protect ecosystem and human health.
Concept Analysis
Tahseen Raana & Nadira Nasim
Abstract: Quality of life is a widely used yet ambiguously defined concept in healthcare, particularly in nursing, where it serves as a key indicator of patient-centered outcomes. This paper presents a concept analysis of quality of life using Walker and Avant’s method to clarify its meaning, structure, antecedents, and consequences within the context of nursing and healthcare. A comprehensive review of literature from PubMed, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect was conducted to identify definitions, attributes, empirical referents, and practical applications of the concept. The analysis revealed that quality of life is an abstract, dynamic, and multidimensional construct that encompasses physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains, with subjective contentment and individual perception of well-being as its core attributes. Antecedents of quality of life include existence of life, cognitive capacity, basic functional ability, and supportive social and environmental contexts. Model, borderline, and contrary cases illustrated that high quality of life can exist despite chronic illness when individuals demonstrate adaptation, resilience, and meaningful engagement in life. The consequences of quality of life include enhanced well-being, improved coping, better treatment adherence, and more holistic, patient-centered nursing care. Empirical referents such as the WHOQOL-BREF were identified as valid tools for operationalizing the concept, though subjective self-reports remain essential. The discussion emphasizes the dual subjective-objective nature of quality of life, its multidimensional interconnectedness, and its cultural sensitivity, particularly in the Pakistani context. The study concludes that quality of life should be integrated as a central outcome in nursing practice, with routine assessment and individualized, culturally responsive interventions to promote holistic patient well-being.
Review Article
Peter Mafimisebi, Akinbobola Ogundiran, Saeed Muhammad & Niniola Olateju
Abstract: Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) have emerged as persistent and ubiquitous contaminants in aquatic environments due to their small size, chemical stability, and strong affinity for toxic pollutants, posing significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Conventional water treatment technologies are largely ineffective for their removal, necessitating the development of innovative and sustainable remediation strategies. Among emerging solutions, biochar has gained considerable attention as a low-cost, eco-friendly, and efficient adsorbent. This review critically evaluates recent advances in biochar-based adsorbents for the removal of MNPs from water systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of physicochemical properties, including surface area, porosity, surface functional groups, and pyrolysis conditions, as well as the impact of modification techniques on adsorption performance. Key removal mechanisms, such as pore filling, electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interactions, surface complexation, and π–π electron donor–acceptor interactions, are systematically analyzed. Comparative assessment of different biochar types indicates that iron-modified and corncob-derived biochars exhibit superior adsorption efficiencies. However, despite promising laboratory-scale performance, several challenges remain, including limited regeneration capacity, potential secondary pollution, and reduced efficiency under complex environmental conditions. Future research should focus on optimizing biochar modification, integrating adsorption with complementary treatment technologies, and conducting life cycle and techno-economic assessments. Overall, biochar represents a promising and sustainable approach for mitigating micro- and nanoplastic pollution in aquatic systems, although further research is required to enable large-scale application. However, the lack of standardized evaluation frameworks and limited validation under realistic environmental conditions restrict the comparability and scalability of current findings.
Research Article
Shamy Rose M. Pañares, Elmie Allanic, Teopisto Culanag, Elma Fe Gupit & Cynthia Superable
Abstract: This study aimed to identify the study strategies employed by high-achieving passers of the Criminology Licensure Examination, revealing prevalent patterns, optimal practices, and the personal and institutional elements that facilitated their success. A qualitative research design was implemented at one of the criminology institutions in region 10, Northern Mindanao, based on the Appreciative Inquiry 4Ds Model. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and related documents, and seven top-performing CLE examinees were purposively sampled. Findings revealed interconnected themes such as (1) strategic self-discipline for academic excellence, (2) aspirations rooted in service and family commitment, (3) purposeful preparation supported by sustainable practices, (4) and a strong desire to guide and inspire future examinees. The study concludes that examinees' self-regulated learning methodologies and the caliber of institutional support systems offered by criminology programs interact dynamically to shape high licensure success. It is recommended that criminology programs improve structured review systems, mentorship opportunities, and well-being programs to help future students be more prepared and succeed in the long run.
Research Article
Zillah A. Tacang, Teopisto Y. Culanag Jr., Cynthia S. Superable, Analyn S. Clarin, Angelita B. Alvarico & Edmar R. Daniel
Abstract: Background: The implementation of effective instructional strategies, together with the use of appropriate teaching resources, plays a significant role in enhancing students’ academic performance. Aims: The study aims to identify which instructional approaches and educational materials most effectively support learning outcomes, and which may require enhancement or replacement. Establishing these relationships, the study intends to provide actionable recommendations for curriculum refinement that align with industry expectations and evolving educational standards. Methods: This study employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational design involving 250 selected BSISM students during the second semester of the 2024–2025 academic year at a higher education institution in Misamis Occidental. Data were collected using a validated researcher-made questionnaire, while academic performance was measured via General Weighted Average (GWA). Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), Pearson r correlation, and regression analysis were used in analyzing the data. Results: Results indicate that instructional strategies were rated highly effective, particularly in content delivery, technology and simulation, and formative assessment. Teaching resources also have highly effective ratings, with strong evaluations for instructional materials, laboratory access, technological tools, and industry-based resources. Students’ academic performance was generally placed most in the “Above Average” category. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between instructional strategies and performance, while teaching resources similarly contributed to academic performance.
Research Article
Amrinder Kaur, Sandeep Kaur & Sangita Roy
Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide and represent a significant public health concern affecting millions of individuals each year. This study aimed to isolate and identify uropathogens from urine samples and determine their antibiotic susceptibility patterns for effective treatment. Fourteen urine samples were collected from patients and analyzed using standard cultural, morphological, microscopic, and biochemical identification methods in the microbiology laboratory. Five major bacterial species were identified, with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus being the most prevalent and frequently isolated pathogens in the samples studied. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method revealed that Gentamicin and Amikacin were the most effective antibiotics against the isolated uropathogens. The findings emphasize the importance of culture-based antibiotic prescription and routine susceptibility testing to prevent multidrug resistance and ensure proper clinical management of urinary tract infections. A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that occurs in any part of the urinary system and is commonly caused by bacterial invasion. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, which work together to produce and eliminate urine from the body. Most infections primarily involve the lower urinary tract, particularly the bladder and the urethra, leading to symptoms such as burning sensation during urination and increased frequency of urination. Women generally have a higher risk of developing UTIs than men due to anatomical and physiological differences in the urinary tract structure. A urinary tract infection that affects the bladder can be painful, uncomfortable, and irritating for the patient. However, if the infection spreads to the kidneys, the condition can become serious and may lead to severe complications requiring immediate medical treatment.
Research Article
Rooma Ramasamy, Vinaye Armoogum & Perienen Appavoo
Abstract: The future of work, that is working in virtual settings, introduces complex questions of privacy concerns and behaviours related to privacy in virtual environments including with Bring Your Own Devices (BYOD). Based on the Privacy Paradox and Concerns for Information Privacy (CFIP) scale, the study aims to provide an in-depth comprehension of how individuals face privacy concerns in the context of BYOD in virtual settings by analysing privacy through a multifaceted lens. The approach to disseminate the research question of this study included quantitative paradigms. Methods were survey questions, Data sets emerging from these instruments were analysed and presented to comprehend the phenomenon. The use of BYOD in virtual environment showed disparity with stated privacy concerns.
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