Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology
Volume 7 Issue 1 January-March 2024
Research Article
Pham Anh Dung, PhD, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, Le Ngoc Nuong, PhD, Nguyen Thu Thuy, PhD & Dinh Tran Ngoc Hien, BSc
Abstract: Recently, Interest and intention for farming of farmers are the key factors of adoption SLM practices. On the other hand, economic, environmental and social factors have been changed farmers’ livelihood and the way they farm by generating 3 main characteristics of farm structure and farm management practices as mentioned above. These findings lead to a number of policy recommendations for increasing SLMs adoption rate of the region and/or the country. We highlight the essence of the effectiveness of agricultural extension system as a fundamental base of SLMs implementation. And LDD is the principal key agency to conserve and rehabilitate land resource. Besides that, the agricultural sector needs restructuring, in response to the changing in farm structure and management practices. This needs policies to increase the agricultural labor force and increasing efficiency of SLMs practices, and developing standard SLM practices model of consult and farmer’s model is required for being a model of learning for many farmers.
Review Article
Operating Theatre Personnel and Their Roles in Patient Safety
Mr. Mudasir Mohi ud din & Ms. Piyush Yadav
Abstract: This study examines the roles of various operating theatre personnel in patient safety, focusing on surgeons, operating room nurses, paramedical staff, teamwork and communication, and patient safety culture. The study highlights the importance of effective teamwork, communication, and a strong patient safety culture in ensuring the best possible surgical outcomes and preventing adverse events. The study also explores the use of technology, such as non-invasive monitoring platforms, to improve patient safety in the operating theatre.
Research Article
Biological activity of the products of interaction of mustard gas with human skin tissues
Stefano Turini
Abstract: Sulfur mustard (SM), commonly known as mustard gas, represents a highly potent vesicant and chemical warfare agent with a long history of inflicting severe cutaneous injuries. This thesis delves into the intricate and multifaceted realm of the biological activities exhibited by the products arising from the interaction of mustard gas with human skin tissues, with a particular emphasis on elucidating the underlying biochemical mechanisms. Our investigative approach comprises a sophisticated integration of cutting-edge analytical techniques, driven by a relentless pursuit of precision in understanding this complex toxicological interplay. High-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been meticulously employed to meticulously identify, characterize, and quantify the diverse chemical intermediates and end products formed during the interaction between mustard gas and human skin tissues. By doing so, we aim to establish a comprehensive and definitive chemical profile of the interaction products. (Read more)
Research Article
Adaptation and Performance Evaluation of Engine-Driven Coffee De-Huller
Abayineh Awgichew & Rabira Nuguse
Abstract: A simple and low-cost de-huller powered by a 5-horsepower diesel engine that can be used to de-hull dry coffee materials was adapted. The coffee de-huller machine was evaluated at different drum and feeding rates on the farm. The results obtained show that the de-hulling efficiency, percentage of breakage, and cleaning efficiency increased as the drum speed increased between 400 and 600 rpm. The highest averages of de-hulling efficiency, cleaning efficiency, percentage of breakage, and capacity were 97.34%, 98.77%, 3.18%, and 358.7 kg/hr, respectively. High de-hulling and cleaning efficiencies and a low percentage of breakage obtained show that the machine is very appropriate for handling coffee processing.
Review Article
An Introductory Review on Nanoparticles Based Treatment of Cancer
Nimra Hanif, Muzamal Hussain, Muhammad Asif Raheem, Tasmiya Kamran, Aaroj Malik & Mahrukh Siddiqui
Abstract: Cancer is a malignant disease that is the leading cause of death globally. Different prevention and treatment techniques are used to combat such a disease with one of the highest prevalence rates. These include medicine, surgery, conventional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and some targeted therapies. All these treatments and remedies have proved useful for the results and survival probabilities; however, they have some primary limitations. These limitations, such as multi-drug resistance and non-selective tissue toxicity in drug delivery, sometimes do more harm than healing. To reshape healthcare strategies for cancer, nanotherapeutics is one of the emerging techniques under high experimentation with the least toxic harm observed so far. Nanotherapeutics gives a brand-new frontier for cancer treatment. Nanotechnology has raised the bar by delivering the targeted drug with nano-carriers, effective tumor-targeting nanoparticles, nano-biosensors, and nanomedicines without failure. Advancements in nano-therapeutics have imparted a new horizon through multifaceted applications of nanoparticle usage in nanotechnology. There are also some challenges for modified and functionalized nanomaterials, such as making the correct formulations, enhancing localization, increasing rates of biodistribution, and biocompatibility. Furthermore, this enhanced imaging capacity for cancer diagnosis can be further translated to targeted therapies resulting from these material characteristics. This review summarizes the potential usage of nanoparticles by highlighting their role in targeted drug and gene delivery alongside their vital role in cancer treatment through nano-therapeutics.
Review Article
Male Circumcision: Weighing the Benefits and Risks
Mr. Mudasir Mohi ud din & Mr. Hilal Ahmad Bhat
Abstract: Circumcision is a widely practiced surgical procedure in males, with both advantages and disadvantages. This article provides an evidence-based overview of the clinical benefits and risks associated with male circumcision. The advantages include protection against HIV infection, penile carcinoma, urinary tract infections, and sexually transmitted infections. However, there are also potential disadvantages and ethical considerations, such as the risk of complications associated with the procedure and the debate surrounding the infringement of individual autonomy. It is essential to weigh the potential benefits against the risks when making an informed decision about male circumcision.
Research Article
Development of Animal Feed Pellet Making Machine
Abayineh Awgichew & Rabira Nuguse
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop and conduct tests on a power-driven animal feed pellet manufacturing prototype for the production of animal feed. The pellet feed manufacturing machine included a hopper, a pelleting chamber, a pellet roll, a die plate, an exit, and a frame. It was propelled by a 3-hp electric motor. The machine's overall dimensions were 800mm*1170mm*560mm. It can make animal feed pellets with an average diameter of 10 mm, a length of 5-7 cm, and a weight of 1.78 g. On wheat-based feed components, the machine's actual pelleting capacity, throughput capacity, and pelleting efficiency improve from 60.2 to 64.6 kg/hr, 71.1 to 74.1kg/hr, and 84.67 to 87.18 of 57% as moisture content increases from 15 to 25%. As moisture content increases from 15 to 25%, un-pelleted feed ingredients reduce from 15.33 to 12.82% and 10 to 7% on wheat and maize-based feed ingredients, respectively.
Research Article
Maung Maung Mya, SeinThaung, Nan Than Than Kyi, Khun Aung Hsan Oo & Nyunt Nyunt Oo
Abstract: Malaria endemicity is remaining in hard to reach and insurgent areas in Myanmar, where high density of primary and secondary vectors are available. Present study was determined the distribution, survivability and insecticides susceptibility status of vectors and non-vectors of malaria in Katinehtit village Kamamaung Township, Kayin State from July 2020 to June 2021. Mosquitoes were collected by Kanda net for animal bait and CDC light traps for indoor and outdoor collection from 18:00 to 00:06 hour. Survivability rate of An. dirus, An. minimu, An. aconitus, An. philippinensis, An. vagus and An. culicifacies were measured under the group of banana plants and susceptibility of collected mosquitoes were tested with WHO recommended insecteds. A total of 2207 mosquitoes consist of 13 Anopheles mosquito adult were collected by different collection methods by Cattle bate 1581(71.64%), Light trap indoor 174(7.88%), Light trap outdoor 297(13.46%), Morning Resting 43(1.95%) and Near the resting plant 112(5.07). Main vector An. dirus and An. minimus were mostly collected in Rainey season in high density and An. dirus was disappeared in hot season. Main vector An. minimus and secondary vector as An. philippinensis, An. culicifacies, An. maculatus, An. aconitus and nan vector An. barbirostris and An. hyrcanus were collected in all seasons. An. philippinensis, An. barbirostris and An. hyrcanus were abundantly collected. The highest survivability rate was found An. dirus and An. vagus for 8 days (10%) followed by An. culicifacies (20%), An. philippinensis (10%), An. minimus (20%) for 7 days and lowest was found An. aconitus for 6 days (20%). High density of An. dirus larvae were collected from rock pools and An. minimus was collected in sand pools, rice fields water, bed of Yonsalin creeks and water pools. All the collected mosquitoes were susceptible to Deltamethrin 0.05%, Permethrin 0.75% and Cyfuthris 0.15%. In conclusion, high density of main malaria vectors and secondary vectors were collected from Katinehtit village is a high risk area of malaria. Although all the collected main and secondary vectors were susceptible to WHO recommended insecticides. Therefore, Long Lasting Insecticide impregnated nets can be preventing the transmission of malaria in this area.
Research Article
Sadia Sana, Sana Majeed & Dr. Muhammad Sajeel-ur-Rehman
Abstract: Introduction: This study explores the knowledge of communication skills among nursing students. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of student nurses regarding communication skills and to explore the relationship between gender/age and knowledge of student nurses regarding communication. with patients, and to evaluate the psychometric properties of a self-assessment questionnaire. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 randomly selected nursing students using a self-reported questionnaire It was carried out from January 2023 to March 2023 involving nursing students who were studied at Aman Medical Institute (AMI), college of Nursing, Islamabad. The questionnaire was comprised of 20 statements with the categorization of 5. Collected data were analysed through frequency and percentage. Results: After applying the chi-square test p-value is 0.05. the results showed that there is a significance in age and gender related to communication skills. Pearson's R value is -0.19 and Spearman Correlation value is also -0.19. there is a relationship between gender/age and knowledge of nurses regarding communication. Discussion: The study results show that most of the nursing students have good awareness regarding communication skills that is 98% and 2% students out of 100 have poor awareness regarding communication skills. According to the study, with age and knowledge of student nurses regarding communication skills p-value is 0.04, it concluded that results were significant according to age. It means that there is a relationship between age and knowledge of nursing students.
Research Article
Petrophysical Evaluation of Selected Wells in FUBA Field Reservoir in Niger Delta, Nigeria
U. Ochoma
Abstract: Petrophysical evaluation of selected wells in FUBA field reservoir in Niger Delta, Nigeria are here presented. A suite of well logs comprising gamma ray, deep resistivity, density, sonic and neutron were used in the analysis. Petrophysical properties evaluated are; thickness, porosity, permeability, water saturation and hydrocarbon saturation. Two distinct horizons were mapped. The lithostratigraphy correlation section revealed that each of the sand units spread over the field differ in thickness with some units occurring at greater depth than their adjacent unit, that is possibly an evidence of faulting. From the result of Petrophysical evaluation, on average, net thickness, effective porosity, permeability, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation and shale volume values are 13.50 ft, 23.50%, 463.70 mD, 30.50%, 69.50% and 12.50% for reservoir sand Q and 45.00 ft, 22.20%, 495.24 mD, 32% and 68% and 16.50% for reservoir sand R. The porosity and permeability values have been classed as good to excellent for reservoir sand Q and R respectively. The hydrocarbon saturation and water saturation values are good for reservoir development for production. The results of the sand-shale lithology calculated indicate the following (i) the fraction of shale in the reservoirs is quite low; (ii) sandstone volume decreased with increasing depth while shale volume increased with depth; (iii) an inverse relationship between permeability and shale volume and a direct relationship between permeability and the volume of sand in the reservoirs. This is typical of clastic reservoir systems in the Niger Delta. An analysis of the petrophysical attributes maps indicates how the petrophysical qualities vary across the reservoirs. The results for this work revealed the presence of hydrocarbon in both reservoirs across the wells in the study area.
Review Article
Muzamal Hussain, Nimra Hanif, Muhammad Imran Afzal, Obaid Ullah, Muhammad Asif Raheem, Iqra Mohsin & Ommah Afzal Awan
Abstract: The recent advancements in biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have brought about an industry-transforming convergence with a huge potential to disrupt the healthcare sector. This review paper presents recent case studies on applications, benefits, and challenges in the healthcare industry by looking at the Biotechnology-AI Nexus. This article aims to create some background for further research, supplying information on the contemporary state of AI and biotechnology. Examples of areas covered in the study include drug development, genetics, proteomics, personalized medicine, and medical imaging. In addition, the latest breakthroughs and treatment techniques emerged from the fusion of AI with biotechnological methods such as CRISPR-Cas9 and gene-editing tools. The biotechnology artificial intelligence nexus has several applications. AI-enabled biotechnological breakthroughs may optimize workflow, make healthcare systems more efficient, and save costs in places that are not most needed. Furthermore, AI-powered analytics may illuminate complicated biological processes, creating data-centric choices that increase accuracy and personalization in healthcare. On the other hand, some impediments must be addressed before the Biotechnology-AI Nexus's actualization. Data privacy and security, ethical considerations, regulatory compliance, and cross-cutting teamwork are some of the issues that should be addressed. The possibility for AI and automation to disrupt the employment market also raises concerns regarding the displacement of workers and the need for re-skilling and up-skilling programs.
Research Article
Stefano Turini
Abstract: In the rapidly evolving landscape of military technology, the convergence of biology and electromagnetism has paved the way for the development of novel biological-electromagnetic agents (BEAs). This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the theoretical framework, experimental methodologies, and strategic implications associated with the creation and deployment of BEAs for advanced warfare applications. Drawing inspiration from emerging trends in synthetic biology and quantum computing, we propose a paradigm shift in the utilization of genetically engineered microorganisms as carriers of electromagnetic signals. By encoding genetic sequences with specific instructions for signal generation and modulation, researchers can harness the inherent capabilities of living systems to emit non-traceable electromagnetic waves. The deployment of Experimental Biological Operations (EBO) represents a pivotal aspect of this futuristic endeavor, encompassing the design, development, and field testing of genetically engineered BEAs. Through meticulous planning and operational experimentation, military strategists aim to leverage BEAs to disrupt enemy infrastructure, exert strategic influence on the battlefield, and evade traditional detection and countermeasures. Countermeasures against BEAs pose a formidable challenge, requiring the integration of passive detection systems, active neutralization protocols, and strategic preparedness measures. Passive detection and surveillance systems leverage advanced sensor technologies and machine learning algorithms to monitor environmental signals for signs of anomalous activity, while active neutralization protocols employ chemical disinfection and biological remediation strategies to eliminate hostile agents. Furthermore, strategic preparedness and response planning are essential for effectively addressing the multifaceted threats posed by BEAs. By fostering collaboration among international stakeholders and investing in research and development initiatives, nations can enhance their resilience and preparedness to confront the complex challenges of biological-electromagnetic warfare in the 21st century. In conclusion, the emergence of BEAs heralds a new era in military strategy, where the fusion of biology and electromagnetism offers unprecedented opportunities for strategic advantage. By embracing a forward-thinking approach to research, development, and international cooperation, nations can navigate the complexities of modern warfare and safeguard global security in an era of uncertainty and rapid technological advancement.
